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Essential Eight · ASD maturity model

Know your Essential Eight maturity, and how to lift it.

Government agencies and their suppliers are increasingly asked to show Essential Eight maturity. We assess where you stand against each of the eight strategies and give you a realistic plan to reach the level you need.

8 strategiesAssessed one by one
Levels 0–3Evidence-based maturity rating
MappedTo ISO 27001 controls
In short: the Essential Eight is the Australian Government’s baseline of eight technical mitigation strategies, measured on a maturity scale from zero to three. Cyber Veda assesses your maturity with evidence and gives you a prioritised plan to reach the level your customers require.

Why the Essential Eight matters

The Essential Eight started as guidance for Australian government agencies, and it now flows into their supply chains, critical infrastructure and cyber insurance questionnaires. If you sell to government or work in a regulated sector, expect to be asked for your maturity level.

The eight strategies

The ASD groups the eight strategies by what they do: stop malware getting in and running, limit the damage if an attacker gets a foothold, and make sure you can recover.

StrategyWhat it covers
Prevent malware delivery and execution
Application controlOnly approved programs, scripts and installers can run
Patch applicationsSecurity updates for browsers, Office, PDF readers and other software applied within set timeframes, and unsupported software removed
Configure Microsoft Office macro settingsMacros blocked unless there is a business need, and internet-sourced macros blocked
User application hardeningBrowsers, Office and PDF software locked down so they can’t be used to run malicious content
Limit the extent of incidents
Restrict administrative privilegesAdmin access kept to the people who need it, on separate accounts that can’t browse the web or read email
Patch operating systemsOperating system updates applied within set timeframes, on supported versions only
Multi-factor authenticationMFA for online services, remote access and privileged users, moving to phishing-resistant methods at higher levels
Recover data and availability
Regular backupsBackups of important data and settings, protected from deletion or change, with restores tested

The four maturity levels

Each maturity level is built to stop a more capable attacker. The requirements are cumulative: to reach Level Two, a strategy must meet everything in Level One as well. The model is written for Windows-based, internet-connected networks, and the ASD recommends reaching the same level across all eight strategies before aiming higher. Most buyers read your overall maturity as your weakest strategy.

Essential Eight maturity levelsEach level includes every requirement of the levels below it
  1. Requirements of Level One not met LevelZero
  2. Stops opportunistic attackers using commodity tools LevelOne
  3. Stops attackers investing more time and better tools in you LevelTwoMost often required
  4. Stops adaptive, targeted attackers LevelThree

Less capable attackerMore capable attacker

LevelBuilt to stopWhat it typically looks like
ZeroNothing reliably: the requirements of Level One are not metGaps an attacker could exploit with little effort, such as unpatched internet-facing systems or no MFA
OneOpportunistic attackers using commodity, widely available tools and techniquesPatches applied on a schedule, faster for internet-facing systems; MFA on online services; internet macros blocked; admin rights limited; backups that are tested
TwoAttackers willing to invest more time and more effective tools in targeting you, for example to steal credentialsWider application control and MFA coverage, privileged access reviewed and separated, tighter hardening, and logging of key security events
ThreeAdaptive, targeted attackers who are less reliant on public tools and move quickly on new weaknessesApplication control on servers as well as workstations, phishing-resistant MFA, the fastest patching windows, and centralised logs that are actively monitored

Non-corporate Commonwealth entities must reach Level Two, and that is the level government buyers most often ask their suppliers for. Level Three is usually reserved for organisations that are likely targets of capable attackers.

Assessed, not certified

There is no Essential Eight certificate, and no one is accredited to issue one. You either self-assess or have an independent assessor test your controls, usually following the ASD’s Essential Eight Assessment Process Guide, and report the maturity level you reached. An independent assessment carries more weight with buyers because the evidence has been tested, not just described.

Cyber Veda does both sides of the work: we assess your maturity with evidence, and we help you lift the strategies that fall short. Assessment and uplift are kept separate, so the person rating your maturity is never marking their own work.

If you do ISO 27001 first

ISO 27001 and the Essential Eight overlap in what they cover, but not in how much detail they demand. ISO 27001 gives you the management system: governance, risk assessment, an asset inventory, policies, internal audit and the habit of keeping evidence. The Essential Eight then asks for specific technical settings and timeframes that ISO 27001 leaves to your own risk decisions.

Essential Eight strategyRelated ISO 27001:2022 Annex A controlsWhat the Essential Eight adds
Application control8.19 Installation of software, 8.7 Protection against malwareEnforced allowlisting, not just a policy on what can be installed
Patch applications8.8 Management of technical vulnerabilitiesFixed patching timeframes and removal of unsupported software
Office macro settings8.7 Protection against malware, 8.9 Configuration managementSpecific macro settings, applied and locked
User application hardening8.9 Configuration managementSpecific browser, Office and PDF hardening settings
Restrict administrative privileges8.2 Privileged access rights, 5.15 Access controlSeparate admin accounts with no web or email, and regular revalidation
Patch operating systems8.8 Management of technical vulnerabilitiesFixed timeframes and supported operating system versions only
Multi-factor authentication8.5 Secure authentication, 5.17 Authentication informationDefined MFA coverage, phishing-resistant at higher levels
Regular backups8.13 Information backupRestore testing and protection of backups from deletion or change

So the extra effort after ISO 27001 is mostly technical: configuring endpoints, identity and patching tools to the required settings, then producing the evidence to prove it. For a cloud-first business on managed devices, Level One is often within reach; Levels Two and Three usually take real engineering. If you plan both together, we build the ISO 27001 controls so they already meet your target maturity level, and the evidence counts twice.

What's included

  • Agreed target maturity level, based on what your customers or contracts require
  • Assessment of each of the eight strategies, with the evidence behind every rating
  • Clear findings in plain English, not just a scorecard
  • Mapping to the ISO 27001 controls you already run, or plan to
  • Prioritised uplift roadmap, quick wins first

When you'd use this

  • A government tender or contract asks for your Essential Eight maturity
  • Your board or cyber insurer wants a clear picture of your technical defences
  • You are working towards ISO 27001 and want the technical controls in good shape too
FAQ

Common questions

What is the Essential Eight?

The Essential Eight is a set of eight mitigation strategies published by the Australian Signals Directorate’s Australian Cyber Security Centre: application control, patching applications, Microsoft Office macro settings, user application hardening, restricting administrative privileges, patching operating systems, multi-factor authentication and regular backups. Each is assessed against a maturity model from level zero to level three.

What do the maturity levels mean?

Each level is designed to resist a more capable adversary. Level One stops opportunistic attackers using widely available tools. Level Two stops attackers willing to invest more time and better tools in targeting you. Level Three stops adaptive, targeted attackers who are less reliant on public tools. Level Zero means the requirements of Level One are not met.

Who can certify the Essential Eight?

No one. There is no Essential Eight certificate, and the Australian Signals Directorate does not certify organisations or accredit Essential Eight assessors. Organisations either self-assess or engage an independent assessor, usually following the ASD’s Essential Eight Assessment Process Guide, and report the maturity level they reached. IRAP assessments by ASD-endorsed assessors are a separate, broader program, mostly for government systems and cloud services.

Can Cyber Veda assess us?

Yes. We run independent Essential Eight assessments against the ASD’s maturity model and assessment guidance, test the evidence behind every strategy, and report the maturity level you have actually reached. If a customer or contract specifically requires an IRAP assessment, we will tell you up front and get you ready for it.

Can you help us improve and also assess us?

Yes. Many clients want both: an assessment to set the baseline, help lifting the weaker strategies, then a reassessment to confirm the level. We keep the roles separate, so whoever assesses your maturity is not marking their own work. If a buyer insists on an assessor with no involvement at all, we will say so at the start.

We are doing ISO 27001 first. How much extra work is the Essential Eight?

Less than starting from scratch. ISO 27001 gives you the governance, risk assessment, asset inventory, policies and evidence habits the Essential Eight relies on, and its Annex A controls cover the same eight areas in principle. What the Essential Eight adds is prescriptive technical configuration: application control, macro and application hardening settings, fixed patching timeframes, MFA coverage and restore testing. For a cloud-first business on managed devices, Level One is often close; Levels Two and Three usually need real engineering work. We plan both together so the ISO 27001 evidence is reused.

Does ISO 27001 certification mean we meet the Essential Eight?

No. ISO 27001 lets you choose controls based on your own risk assessment, so a certified organisation can still be at Level Zero for some strategies. The Essential Eight sets specific technical requirements regardless of your risk appetite. Tenders that ask for both expect to see both.

Essential Eight or ISO 27001?

They answer different questions. The Essential Eight measures specific technical mitigations; ISO 27001 certifies a whole information security management system. Some tenders accept either, many ask for both. We help you read what the tender actually requires.

What maturity level do we need?

It depends on who is asking. Non-corporate Commonwealth entities are required to reach Maturity Level Two under the Protective Security Policy Framework, and many of their suppliers are asked for the same, but it varies. We start by confirming what your customers or contracts actually require, so you do not over-invest.

Talk to someone who has taken companies like yours to audit.

Book a free 30-minute consultation. Tell us what is driving the need, and leave with a realistic timeline and the first three things to do.